CollectionExpression

class hail.expr.CollectionExpression[source]

Expression of type tarray or tset

>>> a = hl.literal([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
>>> s3 = hl.literal({'Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'})

Attributes

dtype

The data type of the expression.

Methods

all

Returns True if f returns True for every element.

any

Returns True if f returns True for any element.

filter

Returns a new collection containing elements where f returns True.

find

Returns the first element where f returns True.

flatmap

Map each element of the collection to a new collection, and flatten the results.

fold

Reduces the collection with the given function f, provided the initial value zero.

group_by

Group elements into a dict according to a lambda function.

length

Returns the size of a collection.

map

Transform each element of a collection.

size

Returns the size of a collection.

starmap

Transform each element of a collection of tuples.

__eq__(other)

Returns True if the two expressions are equal.

Examples

>>> x = hl.literal(5)
>>> y = hl.literal(5)
>>> z = hl.literal(1)
>>> hl.eval(x == y)
True
>>> hl.eval(x == z)
False

Notes

This method will fail with an error if the two expressions are not of comparable types.

Parameters:

other (Expression) – Expression for equality comparison.

Returns:

BooleanExpressionTrue if the two expressions are equal.

__ge__(other)

Return self>=value.

__gt__(other)

Return self>value.

__le__(other)

Return self<=value.

__lt__(other)

Return self<value.

__ne__(other)

Returns True if the two expressions are not equal.

Examples

>>> x = hl.literal(5)
>>> y = hl.literal(5)
>>> z = hl.literal(1)
>>> hl.eval(x != y)
False
>>> hl.eval(x != z)
True

Notes

This method will fail with an error if the two expressions are not of comparable types.

Parameters:

other (Expression) – Expression for inequality comparison.

Returns:

BooleanExpressionTrue if the two expressions are not equal.

all(f)[source]

Returns True if f returns True for every element.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(a.all(lambda x: x < 10))
True

Notes

This method returns True if the collection is empty.

Parameters:

f (function ( (arg) -> BooleanExpression)) – Function to evaluate for each element of the collection. Must return a BooleanExpression.

Returns:

BooleanExpression. – True if f returns True for every element, False otherwise.

any(f)[source]

Returns True if f returns True for any element.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(a.any(lambda x: x % 2 == 0))
True
>>> hl.eval(s3.any(lambda x: x[0] == 'D'))
False

Notes

This method always returns False for empty collections.

Parameters:

f (function ( (arg) -> BooleanExpression)) – Function to evaluate for each element of the collection. Must return a BooleanExpression.

Returns:

BooleanExpression. – True if f returns True for any element, False otherwise.

collect(_localize=True)

Collect all records of an expression into a local list.

Examples

Collect all the values from C1:

>>> table1.C1.collect()
[2, 2, 10, 11]

Warning

Extremely experimental.

Warning

The list of records may be very large.

Returns:

list

describe(handler=<built-in function print>)

Print information about type, index, and dependencies.

property dtype

The data type of the expression.

Returns:

HailType

export(path, delimiter='\t', missing='NA', header=True)

Export a field to a text file.

Examples

>>> small_mt.GT.export('output/gt.tsv')
>>> with open('output/gt.tsv', 'r') as f:
...     for line in f:
...         print(line, end='')
locus   alleles 0       1       2       3
1:1     ["A","C"]       0/1     0/0     0/1     0/0
1:2     ["A","C"]       1/1     0/1     0/1     0/1
1:3     ["A","C"]       0/0     0/1     0/0     0/0
1:4     ["A","C"]       0/1     1/1     0/1     0/1
>>> small_mt.GT.export('output/gt-no-header.tsv', header=False)
>>> with open('output/gt-no-header.tsv', 'r') as f:
...     for line in f:
...         print(line, end='')
1:1     ["A","C"]       0/1     0/0     0/1     0/0
1:2     ["A","C"]       1/1     0/1     0/1     0/1
1:3     ["A","C"]       0/0     0/1     0/0     0/0
1:4     ["A","C"]       0/1     1/1     0/1     0/1
>>> small_mt.pop.export('output/pops.tsv')
>>> with open('output/pops.tsv', 'r') as f:
...     for line in f:
...         print(line, end='')
sample_idx      pop
0       1
1       2
2       2
3       2
>>> small_mt.ancestral_af.export('output/ancestral_af.tsv')
>>> with open('output/ancestral_af.tsv', 'r') as f:
...     for line in f:
...         print(line, end='')
locus   alleles ancestral_af
1:1     ["A","C"]       3.8152e-01
1:2     ["A","C"]       7.0588e-01
1:3     ["A","C"]       4.9991e-01
1:4     ["A","C"]       3.9616e-01
>>> small_mt.bn.export('output/bn.tsv')
>>> with open('output/bn.tsv', 'r') as f:
...     for line in f:
...         print(line, end='')
bn
{"n_populations":3,"n_samples":4,"n_variants":4,"n_partitions":4,"pop_dist":[1,1,1],"fst":[0.1,0.1,0.1],"mixture":false}

Notes

For entry-indexed expressions, if there is one column key field, the result of calling str() on that field is used as the column header. Otherwise, each compound column key is converted to JSON and used as a column header. For example:

>>> small_mt = small_mt.key_cols_by(s=small_mt.sample_idx, family='fam1')
>>> small_mt.GT.export('output/gt-no-header.tsv')
>>> with open('output/gt-no-header.tsv', 'r') as f:
...     for line in f:
...         print(line, end='')
locus   alleles {"s":0,"family":"fam1"} {"s":1,"family":"fam1"} {"s":2,"family":"fam1"} {"s":3,"family":"fam1"}
1:1     ["A","C"]       0/1     0/0     0/1     0/0
1:2     ["A","C"]       1/1     0/1     0/1     0/1
1:3     ["A","C"]       0/0     0/1     0/0     0/0
1:4     ["A","C"]       0/1     1/1     0/1     0/1
Parameters:
  • path (str) – The path to which to export.

  • delimiter (str) – The string for delimiting columns.

  • missing (str) – The string to output for missing values.

  • header (bool) – When True include a header line.

filter(f)[source]

Returns a new collection containing elements where f returns True.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(a.filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0))
[2, 4]
>>> hl.eval(s3.filter(lambda x: ~(x[-1] == 'e')))  
{'Bob'}

Notes

Returns a same-type expression; evaluated on a SetExpression, returns a SetExpression. Evaluated on an ArrayExpression, returns an ArrayExpression.

Parameters:

f (function ( (arg) -> BooleanExpression)) – Function to evaluate for each element of the collection. Must return a BooleanExpression.

Returns:

CollectionExpression – Expression of the same type as the callee.

find(f)[source]

Returns the first element where f returns True.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(a.find(lambda x: x ** 2 > 20))
5
>>> hl.eval(s3.find(lambda x: x[0] == 'D'))
None

Notes

If f returns False for every element, then the result is missing.

Parameters:

f (function ( (arg) -> BooleanExpression)) – Function to evaluate for each element of the collection. Must return a BooleanExpression.

Returns:

Expression – Expression whose type is the element type of the collection.

flatmap(f)[source]

Map each element of the collection to a new collection, and flatten the results.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(a.flatmap(lambda x: hl.range(0, x)))
[0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> hl.eval(s3.flatmap(lambda x: hl.set(hl.range(0, x.length()).map(lambda i: x[i]))))  
{'A', 'B', 'C', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'e', 'h', 'i', 'l', 'o', 'r'}
Parameters:

f (function ( (arg) -> CollectionExpression)) – Function from the element type of the collection to the type of the collection. For instance, flatmap on a set<str> should take a str and return a set.

Returns:

CollectionExpression

fold(f, zero)[source]

Reduces the collection with the given function f, provided the initial value zero.

Examples

>>> a = [0, 1, 2]
>>> hl.eval(hl.fold(lambda i, j: i + j, 0, a))
3
Parameters:
  • f (function ( (Expression, Expression) -> Expression)) – Function which takes the cumulative value and the next element, and returns a new value.

  • zero (Expression) – Initial value to pass in as left argument of f.

Returns:

Expression.

group_by(f)[source]

Group elements into a dict according to a lambda function.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(a.group_by(lambda x: x % 2 == 0))  
{False: [1, 3, 5], True: [2, 4]}
>>> hl.eval(s3.group_by(lambda x: x.length()))  
{3: {'Bob'}, 5: {'Alice'}, 7: {'Charlie'}}
Parameters:

f (function ( (arg) -> Expression)) – Function to evaluate for each element of the collection to produce a key for the resulting dictionary.

Returns:

DictExpression. – Dictionary keyed by results of f.

length()[source]

Returns the size of a collection.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(a.length())
5
>>> hl.eval(s3.length())
3
Returns:

Expression of type tint32 – The number of elements in the collection.

map(f)[source]

Transform each element of a collection.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(a.map(lambda x: x ** 3))
[1.0, 8.0, 27.0, 64.0, 125.0]
>>> hl.eval(s3.map(lambda x: x.length()))
{3, 5, 7}
Parameters:

f (function ( (arg) -> Expression)) – Function to transform each element of the collection.

Returns:

CollectionExpression. – Collection where each element has been transformed according to f.

show(n=None, width=None, truncate=None, types=True, handler=None, n_rows=None, n_cols=None)

Print the first few records of the expression to the console.

If the expression refers to a value on a keyed axis of a table or matrix table, then the accompanying keys will be shown along with the records.

Examples

>>> table1.SEX.show()
+-------+-----+
|    ID | SEX |
+-------+-----+
| int32 | str |
+-------+-----+
|     1 | "M" |
|     2 | "M" |
|     3 | "F" |
|     4 | "F" |
+-------+-----+
>>> hl.literal(123).show()
+--------+
| <expr> |
+--------+
|  int32 |
+--------+
|    123 |
+--------+

Notes

The output can be passed piped to another output source using the handler argument:

>>> ht.foo.show(handler=lambda x: logging.info(x))  
Parameters:
  • n (int) – Maximum number of rows to show.

  • width (int) – Horizontal width at which to break columns.

  • truncate (int, optional) – Truncate each field to the given number of characters. If None, truncate fields to the given width.

  • types (bool) – Print an extra header line with the type of each field.

size()[source]

Returns the size of a collection.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(a.size())
5
>>> hl.eval(s3.size())
3
Returns:

Expression of type tint32 – The number of elements in the collection.

starmap(f)[source]

Transform each element of a collection of tuples.

Examples

>>> hl.eval(hl.array([(1, 2), (2, 3)]).starmap(lambda x, y: x+y))
[3, 5]
Parameters:

f (function ( (*args) -> Expression)) – Function to transform each element of the collection.

Returns:

CollectionExpression. – Collection where each element has been transformed according to f.

summarize(handler=None)

Compute and print summary information about the expression.

Danger

This functionality is experimental. It may not be tested as well as other parts of Hail and the interface is subject to change.

take(n, _localize=True)

Collect the first n records of an expression.

Examples

Take the first three rows:

>>> table1.X.take(3)
[5, 6, 7]

Warning

Extremely experimental.

Parameters:

n (int) – Number of records to take.

Returns:

list